A variety of critics have challenged Marxian value theory, claiming that Marx’s understanding of the use and abuse of labor and nature under capitalism is wrong or out of date. In our time debates within red and green circles have also raised important questions of political theory and practice, particularly on whether Marxist theory requires major revisions to deal with environmental crises. In each case a negative critique had the positive result of clarifying socialists’ ideas and helping the movement to advance on a firmer basis. Rosa Luxemburg did the same in Social Reform or Revolution? as did Lenin in The State and Revolution. Marx and Engels responded to other radical views in The Poverty of Philosophy, most of Capital, Anti-Duhring and other works. Many socialists have contributed to the debate on Marxism, nature, and value, strengthening our common understanding of the enemy we face and the movement we must build.įor nearly two centuries, socialist theory has grown and tested itself through debates. “What is called for today is not a radical revaluation of nature, but a revolutionary ecological and social transformation.”
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